Improving Phylogeny-Based Network Approaches to Investigate the History of the Chinese Dialects1

Phylogeny-based network approaches are a powerful tool to study language history. Based on a reference tree, they infer the minimal amount of transfer events that is needed to explain the patterning of cognate sets observed in contemporary languages. Since these approaches handle both vertical and lateral aspects of language history, they seem perfectly adequate to study Chinese dialect history. In this paper, a couple of modifications to previous phylogenybased network approaches are presented. Having confirmed that thesemodifications constitute significant improvements by testing them on a control-dataset of 40 Indo-European languages, the new method is applied to a dataset of 40 Chinese dialects. The results show that the majority (60%) of character patterns in the Chinese dataset cannot be readily explained as resulting from vertical inheritance alone, much more than observed for the Indo-European data (32%). Since the method yields concrete assessments regarding the regularity of cognate sets, it is very useful as a starting point for deeper historical analyses.